Using ribosome engineering (RE), researchers from Shinshu University introduced mutations affecting the protein synthesis mechanism of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). These mutant LGGs exhibit altered surface protein expression, including increased presentation of so-called "moonlig hting proteins." These mutants adhere more strongly to intestinal cells and induce enhanced activation of immune cells, making them "super-probiotics." ...read more read less