The Montana Legislature can be a daunting institution to keep tabs on. As the 2025 legislative session gears up, MTFP is producing a series of video and text pieces intended to help our readers track their lawmakers and make sense of the headlines they’ll see in the months to come. Up today:a look at the purposes of Legislative committees.To accommodate the more than 1,000 bills Montana lawmakers consider during a legislative session, the House of Representatives and Senate break themselves into committees, small groups of legislators that focus on specific policy areas. Committees wield the authority to approve, amend or kill bills, ultimately deciding if legislation will advance to the full House or Senate. Committees also give individual representatives and senators a chance to specialize in specific policy areas. When a senator or representative introduces a bill, their chamber’s presiding officer, either the Speaker of the House or the President of the Senate, assigns that bill to a relevant committee. For example, if a newly introduced House bill centers on business practices, labor law or economic development, it’ll likely be sent to the House Business and Labor Committee. In the 2025 session, the House Business and Labor committee has 12 Republicans and eight Democrats, roughly the same ratio as the overall House. The chair, who runs the meetings, is Great Falls Republican Rep. Ed Buttrey.The House Business and Labor committee meets weekday mornings when the Legislature is in session, a time slot that’s assigned to committees that typically review large numbers of bills.When considering bills, committees like House Business and Labor hold public hearings, which are opportunities for bill sponsors, lobbyists and the general public to weigh in. After hearings, committees will generally vote on whether to advance bills to the full House or Senate, in some cases adding amendments before they do so. These votes, usually held days or weeks after hearings, are typically called “executive action.”When committees vote to table a bill, that’s often a sign it won’t be passed on to floor debates — though bills are occasionally picked up to be given new life. Additionally, in rare situations, a House or Senate floor vote can “blast” a bill loose from a committee that has declined to pass it along.Other committees you often see mentioned in news coverage include the House and Senate Judiciary committees, which often review bills dealing with hot-button topics such as abortion. Other committees deal with topics including education, health care, taxes, energy and agriculture. There are also a few special-purpose committees. The House and Senate Rules committees set and interpret the Legislature’s operating rules. Budget committees, meanwhile, assemble the bills that set the state budget — those are the House Appropriations Committee and Senate Finance and Claims Committee.To stay up to date with committee action in the legislature visit the official Montana Legislature committee page.The post Explained: legislative committees appeared first on Montana Free Press.