'It's weird': OKC Zoo scientist studies 'zombie butterflies'
Oct 29, 2024
OKLAHOMA CITY (KFOR) - A scientist at the Oklahoma Zoo and Botanical Garden is exploring the "headless butterfly" phenomenon.
According to the OKC Zoo, Dr. Emily Geest, a Conservation Scientist at the Zoo, published a paper in the journal "American Entomologist" about how Monarchs and other butterflies can temporarily function without a head.
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Headless monarch butterfly. Image courtesy OKC Zoo.
Headless monarch butterfly. Image courtesy OKC Zoo.
Headless monarch butterfly. Image courtesy OKC Zoo.
“When it first showed up, I thought, ‘Well, that’s weird.’ And then it kept showing up, which means maybe there’s something to this,” Geest said. “The big question is: is this because they’ve lost their heads, or is it genetics?”
Officials say Dr. Geest was not interested in the zombie Monarchs at first, that the one-in-a-million phenomenon was not all that rare. That was until she read an 1879 article in the journal "Nature" about a Painted Lady butterfly that was able to lay eggs a day after a bird took its head.
According to Geest, how they're able to move isn't really a mystery. Monarchs, like all butterflies, have what's called a decentralized nervous system, which means their brains aren't only in their heads. Their brains are also in ganglia, or a clump of nerve cells, moving throughout the whole body.
“If one piece is lost, the body and nervous system can continue functioning, albeit for a short time—the insect has a substantially reduced capability to avoid predation and find food, and no ability to ingest any food it may stumble upon,” she noted.
There may also be a genetic connection. Geest says some Monarchs have been documented possibly coming out of the chrysalis without a head.
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Although the ganglia help the insects move, heads are still necessary for life. Monarchs also use their antennae during migration and sensing the weather. They also need a head to eat.
“It’s weird and it’s strange, but that’s insects,” Geest said. “It highlights how unique invertebrates are from vertebrates.”
Geest's article can be found here.